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Formal syntax
- The PSS formal syntax is described using Backus-Naur Form (BNF). The syntax of the PSS source is derived from the starting symbol Model. If there is a conflict between a grammar element shown anywhere in this Standard and the material in this annex, the material shown in this annex shall take precedence.
- Model
- { portable_stimulus_description }
- portable_stimulus_description
- package_body_item
| package_declaration
| component_declaration
B.1 Package declarations
- package_declaration
- package package_identifier { { package_body_item } } [ ; ]
- package_body_item
- abstract_action_declaration
| struct_declaration
| enum_declaration
| covergroup_declaration
| function_decl
| import_class_decl
| function_qualifiers
| export_action
| typedef_declaration
| import_stmt
| extend_stmt
| const_field_declaration
| static_const_field_declaration
| compile_assert_stmt
| package_body_compile_if - import_stmt
- import package_import_pattern ;
- package_import_pattern
- type_identifier [ :: * ]
- extend_stmt
- extend action type_identifier { { action_body_item } } [ ; ]
| extend component type_identifier { { component_body_item } } [ ; ]
| extend struct_kind type_identifier { { struct_body_item } } [ ; ]
| extend enum type_identifier { [ enum_item { , enum_item } ] } [ ; ] - const_field_declaration
- const const_data_declaration
- const_data_declaration
- scalar_data_type const_data_instantiation { , const_data_instantiation } ;
- const_data_instantiation
- identifier = constant_expression
- static_const_field_declaration
- static const const_data_declaration
B.2 Action declarations
- action_declaration
- action action_identifier [ action_super_spec ] { { action_body_item } } [ ; ]
- abstract_action_declaration
- abstract action action_identifier [ action_super_spec ] { { action_body_item } } [ ; ]
- action_super_spec
- : type_identifier
- action_body_item
- activity_declaration
| overrides_declaration
| constraint_declaration
| action_field_declaration
| symbol_declaration
| covergroup_declaration
| exec_block_stmt
| static_const_field_declaration
| action_scheduling_constraint
| attr_group
| compile_assert_stmt
| inline_covergroup
| action_body_compile_if - activity_declaration
- activity { { [ identifier : ] activity_stmt } } [ ; ]
- action_field_declaration
- object_ref_field
| attr_field
| action_handle_declaration
| activity_data_field - object_ref_field
- flow_ref_field
| resource_ref_field - flow_ref_field
- ( input | output ) flow_object_type identifier { , identifier } ;
- resource_ref_field
- ( lock | share ) resource_object_type identifier { , identifier } ;
- flow_object_type
- type_identifier
- resource_object_type
- type_identifier
- attr_field
- [ access_modifier ] [ rand ] data_declaration
- access_modifier
- public
| protected
| private - attr_group
- access_modifier :
- action_handle_declaration
- action_type identifier [ array_dim ] ;
- activity_data_field
- action data_declaration
- action_scheduling_constraint
- constraint ( parallel | sequence ) { hierarchical_id { , hierarchical_id } } ;
- Exec blocks
- exec_block_stmt
- exec_block
| target_code_exec_block
| target_file_exec_block - exec_block
- exec exec_kind_identifier { { exec_body_stmt } } [ ; ]
- exec_kind_identifier
- pre_solve
| post_solve
| body
| header
| declaration
| run_start
| run_end
| init - exec_body_stmt
- expression [ assign_op expression ] ;
- assign_op
- =
| +=
| -=
| <<=
| >>=
| |=
| &= - target_code_exec_block
- exec exec_kind_identifier language_identifier = string ;
- target_file_exec_block
- exec file filename_string = string ;
B.3 Struct declarations
- struct_declaration
- struct_kind identifier [ : struct_identifier ] { { struct_body_item } } [ ; ]
- struct_kind
- struct
| object_kind - object_kind
- buffer
| stream
| state
| resource - struct_body_item
- constraint_declaration
| attr_field
| typedef_declaration
| covergroup_declaration
| exec_block_stmt
| static_const_field_declaration
| attr_group
| compile_assert_stmt
| inline_covergroup
| struct_body_compile_if
B.4 Procedural interface (PI)
- function_decl
- function method_prototype ;
- method_prototype
- method_return_type method_identifier method_parameter_list_prototype
- method_return_type
- void
| data_type - method_parameter_list_prototype
- ( [ method_parameter { , method_parameter } ] )
- method_parameter
- [ method_parameter_dir ] data_type identifier
- method_parameter_dir
- input
| output
| inout - function_qualifiers
- import import_function_qualifiers function type_identifier ;
- import_function_qualifiers
- method_qualifiers [ language_identifier ]
| language_identifier - method_qualifiers
- target
| solve - import_method_target_template
- target language_identifier function method_prototype = string ;
- method_parameter_list
- ( [ expression { , expression } ] )
B.4.1 Import class declaration
- import_class_decl
- import class import_class_identifier [ import_class_extends ] { { import_class_method_decl } } [ ; ]
- import_class_extends
- : type_identifier { , type_identifier }
- import_class_method_decl
- method_prototype ;
B.4.2 Export action
- export_action
- export [ method_qualifiers ] action_type_identifier method_parameter_list_prototype ;
B.5 Component declarations
- component_declaration
- component component_identifier [ : component_super_spec ] { { component_body_item } } [ ; ]
- component_super_spec
- : type_identifier
- component_body_item
- overrides_declaration
| component_field_declaration
| action_declaration
| object_bind_stmt
| exec_block
| package_body_item
| attr_group
| component_body_compile_if - component_field_declaration
- component_data_declaration
| component_pool_declaration - component_data_declaration
- [ static const ] data_declaration
- component_pool_declaration
- pool [ [ expression ] ] type_identifier identifier ;
- object_bind_stmt
- bind hierarchical_id object_bind_item_or_list ;
- object_bind_item_or_list
- component_path
| { component_path { , component_path } } - component_path
- component_identifier { . component_path_elem }
| * - component_path_elem
- component_action_identifier
| *
B.6 Activity statements
- activity_stmt
- [ identifier : ] labeled_activity_stmt
| activity_data_field
| activity_bind_stmt
| action_handle_declaration
| activity_constraint_stmt
| action_scheduling_constraint - labeled_activity_stmt
- activity_if_else_stmt
| activity_repeat_stmt
| activity_foreach_stmt
| activity_action_traversal_stmt
| activity_sequence_block_stmt
| activity_select_stmt
| activity_match_stmt
| activity_parallel_stmt
| activity_schedule_stmt
| activity_super_stmt
| function_symbol_call - activity_if_else_stmt
- if ( expression ) activity_stmt [ else activity_stmt ]
- activity_repeat_stmt
- while ( expression ) activity_stmt
| repeat ( [ identifier : ] expression ) activity_stmt
| repeat activity_stmt [ while ( expression ) ; ] - activity_sequence_block_stmt
- [ sequence ] { { activity_stmt } }
- activity_constraint_stmt
- constraint { { constraint_body_item } }
| constraint single_stmt_constraint - activity_foreach_stmt
- foreach ( [ iterator_identifier : ] expression [ [ index_identifier ] ] ) activity_stmt
- activity_action_traversal_stmt
- identifier [ inline_with_constraint ]
| do type_identifier [ inline_with_constraint ] ; - inline_with_constraint
- with { { constraint_body_item } }
| with single_stmt_constraint - activity_select_stmt
- select { select_branch select_branch { select_branch } }
- select_branch
- [ [ ( expression ) ] [ [ expression ] ] : ] activity_stmt
- activity_match_stmt
- match ( expression ) { match_choice { match_choice } }
- match_choice
- [ open_range_list ] : activity_stmt
| default : activity_stmt - activity_parallel_stmt
- parallel { { activity_stmt } } [ ; ]
- activity_schedule_stmt
- schedule { { activity_stmt } } [ ; ]
- activity_bind_stmt
- bind hierarchical_id activity_bind_item_or_list ;
- activity_bind_item_or_list
- hierarchical_id
| { hierarchical_id { , hierarchical_id } } - symbol_declaration
- symbol identifier [ ( symbol_paramlist ) ] { { activity_stmt } }
- symbol_paramlist
- [ symbol_param { , symbol_param } ]
- symbol_param
- data_type identifier
- activity_super_stmt
- super ;
B.7 Overrides
- overrides_declaration
- override { { override_stmt } }
- override_stmt
- type_override
| instance_override - type_override
- type type_identifier with type_identifier ;
- instance_override
- instance hierarchical_id with identifier ;
B.8 Data declarations
- data_declaration
- data_type data_instantiation { , data_instantiation } ;
- data_instantiation
- covergroup_instantiation
| plain_data_instantiation - covergroup_portmap_list
- [ covergroup_portmap { , covergroup_portmap } | hierarchical_id { , hierarchical_id } ]
- covergroup_portmap
- . identifier ( hierarchical_id )
- array_dim
- [ constant_expression ]
B.9 Data types
- data_type
- scalar_data_type
| user_defined_datatype - action_data_type
- scalar_data_type
| user_defined_datatype
| action_type - scalar_data_type
- chandle_type
| integer_type
| string_type
| bool_type - chandle_type
- chandle
- integer_type
- integer_atom_type [ [ expression [ : expression ] ] ] [ in [ domain_open_range_list ] ]
- integer_atom_type
- int
| bit - domain_open_range_list
- domain_open_range_value { , domain_open_range_value }
- domain_open_range_value
- expression [ .. expression ]
| expression ..
| .. expression
| expression - string_type
- string [ in [ DOUBLE_QUOTED_STRING { , DOUBLE_QUOTED_STRING } ] ]
- bool_type
- bool
- user_defined_datatype
- type_identifier
- action_type
- type_identifier
- enum_declaration
- enum enum_identifier { [ enum_item { , enum_item } ] } [ ; ]
- enum_item
- identifier [ = constant_expression ]
- enum_type
- enum_type_identifier [ in [ open_range_list ] ]
- enum_type_identifier
- type_identifier
- typedef_declaration
- typedef data_type identifier ;
B.10 Constraint
- constraint_declaration
- [ dynamic ] constraint identifier { { constraint_body_item } }
| constraint { { constraint_body_item } }
| constraint single_stmt_constraint - constraint_body_item
- expression_constraint_item
| foreach_constraint_item
| if_constraint_item
| unique_constraint_item - expression_constraint_item
- expression implicand_constraint_item
| expression ; - implicand_constraint_item
- -> constraint_set
- constraint_set
- constraint_body_item
| constraint_block - constraint_block
- { { constraint_body_item } }
- foreach_constraint_item
- foreach ( [ iterator_identifier : ] expression [ [ index_identifier ] ] ) constraint_set
- if_constraint_item
- if ( expression ) constraint_set [ else constraint_set ]
- unique_constraint_item
- unique { open_range_list } ;
- single_stmt_constraint
- expression_constraint_item
| unique_constraint_item
B.11 Coverage specification
- covergroup_declaration
- coverspec covergroup_identifier ( covergroup_port { , covergroup_port } ) { { covergroup_body_item } } [ ; ]
- covergroup_expression
- expression
- covergroup_port
- data_type identifier
- covergroup_body_item
- covergroup_option
| covergroup_coverpoint
| covergroup_cross - covergroup_option
- option . identifier = constant_expression ;
- inline_covergroup
- covergroup { { covergroup_body_item } } identifier ;
- covergroup_instantiation
- covergroup_identifier [ ( covergroup_portmap_list ) ] [ with { { covergroup_option } } ]
- plain_data_instantiation
- identifier [ array_dim ] [ = constant_expression ]
- covergroup_coverpoint
- [ [ data_type ] coverpoint_identifier : ] coverpoint expression [ iff ( expression ) ] bins_or_empty
- bins_or_empty
- { { covergroup_coverpoint_body_item } } [ ; ]
| ; - covergroup_coverpoint_body_item
- covergroup_option
| covergroup_coverpoint_binspec - covergroup_coverpoint_binspec
- bins_keyword identifier [ [ constant_expression ] ] = coverpoint_bins
- coverpoint_bins
- [ covergroup_range_list ] [ with ( covergroup_expression ) ] ;
| coverpoint_identifier with ( covergroup_expression ) ;
| default ; - covergroup_range_list
- covergroup_value_range { , covergroup_value_range }
- covergroup_value_range
- expression
| expression .. [ expression ]
| [ expression ] .. expression - bins_keyword
- bins
| illegal_bins
| ignore_bins - covergroup_cross
- covercross_identifier : cross coverpoint_identifier { , coverpoint_identifier } [ iff ( expression ) ] cross_item_or_null
- cross_item_or_null
- { { covergroup_cross_body_item } } [ ; ]
| ; - covergroup_cross_body_item
- covergroup_option
| covergroup_cross_binspec - covergroup_cross_binspec
- bins_keyword identifier = covercross_identifier with ( covergroup_expression ) ;
B.12 Conditional-compile
- package_body_compile_if
- compile if ( constant_expression ) package_body_compile_if_item [ else package_body_compile_if_item ]
- package_body_compile_if_item
- package_body_item
| { { package_body_item } } - action_body_compile_if
- compile if ( constant_expression ) action_body_compile_if_item [ else action_body_compile_if_item ]
- action_body_compile_if_item
- action_body_item
| { { action_body_item } } - component_body_compile_if
- compile if ( constant_expression ) component_body_compile_if_item [ else component_body_compile_if_item ]
- component_body_compile_if_item
- component_body_item
| { { component_body_item } } - struct_body_compile_if
- compile if ( constant_expression ) struct_body_compile_if_item [ else struct_body_compile_if_item ]
- struct_body_compile_if_item
- struct_body_item
| { { struct_body_item } } - compile_has_expr
- compile has ( constant_expression )
- compile_assert_stmt
- compile assert ( constant_expression [ , string ] ) ;
B.13 Expression
- constant_expression
- expression
- expression
- condition_expr
- condition_expr
- logical_or_expr { ? logical_or_expr : logical_or_expr }
- logical_or_expr
- logical_and_expr { || logical_and_expr }
- logical_and_expr
- binary_or_expr { && binary_or_expr }
- binary_or_expr
- binary_xor_expr { | binary_xor_expr }
- binary_xor_expr
- binary_and_expr { ^ binary_and_expr }
- binary_and_expr
- logical_equality_expr { & logical_equality_expr }
- logical_equality_expr
- logical_inequality_expr { eq_neq_op logical_inequality_expr }
- logical_inequality_expr
- binary_shift_expr { logical_inequality_rhs }
- logical_inequality_rhs
- inequality_expr_term
| inside_expr_term - inequality_expr_term
- logical_inequality_op binary_shift_expr
- logical_inequality_op
- <
| <=
| >
| >= - inside_expr_term
- in [ open_range_list ]
- open_range_list
- open_range_value { , open_range_value }
- open_range_value
- expression [ .. expression ]
- binary_shift_expr
- binary_add_sub_expr { shift_op binary_add_sub_expr }
- binary_add_sub_expr
- binary_mul_div_mod_expr { add_sub_op binary_mul_div_mod_expr }
- binary_mul_div_mod_expr
- binary_exp_expr { mul_div_mod_op binary_exp_expr }
- binary_exp_expr
- unary_expr { ** unary_expr }
- unary_expr
- [ unary_op ] primary
- unary_op
- +
| -
| !
| ~
| &
| |
| ^ - primary
- number
| bool_literal
| paren_expr
| string
| variable_ref_path
| function_symbol_call
| static_ref_path
| super
| compile_has_expr - paren_expr
- ( expression )
- variable_ref_path
- variable_ref { . variable_ref }
- variable_ref
- identifier [ [ expression [ : expression ] ] ]
- function_symbol_call
- ( identifier { ( :: | . ) identifier } ) method_parameter_list ;
- static_ref_path
- identifier :: identifier { :: identifier }
- mul_div_mod_op
- *
| /
| % - add_sub_op
- +
| - - shift_op
- <<
| >> - eq_neq_op
- ==
| !=
B.14 Identifiers and literals
- constant
- number
| identifier - identifier
- ID
| ESCAPED_ID - hierarchical_id
- identifier { . identifier }
- action_type_identifier
- type_identifier
- type_identifier
- [ :: ] ID { :: ID }
- package_identifier
- hierarchical_id
- coverpoint_target_identifier
- hierarchical_id
- action_identifier
- identifier
- struct_identifier
- identifier
- component_identifier
- identifier
- component_action_identifier
- identifier
- covercross_identifier
- identifier
- coverpoint_identifier
- identifier
- covergroup_identifier
- identifier
- enum_identifier
- identifier
- import_class_identifier
- identifier
- language_identifier
- identifier
- method_identifier
- identifier
- symbol_identifier
- identifier
- variable_identifier
- identifier
- iterator_identifier
- identifier
- index_identifier
- identifier
- buffer_type_identifier
- type_identifier
- resource_type_identifier
- type_identifier
- state_type_identifier
- type_identifier
- stream_type_identifier
- type_identifier
- filename_string
- DOUBLE_QUOTED_STRING
- bool_literal
- true
| false
B.15 Numbers
- number
- based_hex_number
| based_dec_number
| based_bin_number
| based_oct_number
| dec_number
| oct_number
| hex_number - based_hex_number
- [ DEC_LITERAL ] BASED_HEX_LITERAL
- DEC_LITERAL
- [ 1-9 ] { [ 0-9 ] | _ }
- BASED_HEX_LITERAL
- ' [ s|S ] h|H [ 0-9 ]
| [ a-f ]
| [ A-F ] { [ 0-9 ] | [ a-f ] | [ A-F ] | _ } - based_dec_number
- [ DEC_LITERAL ] BASED_DEC_LITERAL
- BASED_DEC_LITERAL
- [ s|S ] d|D [ 0-9 ] { [ 0-9 ] | _ }
- based_bin_number
- [ DEC_LITERAL ] BASED_BIN_LITERAL
- BASED_BIN_LITERAL
- ' [ s|S ] b|B [ 0-1 ] { [ 0-1 ] | _ }
- based_oct_number
- [ DEC_LITERAL ] BASED_OCT_LITERAL
- BASED_OCT_LITERAL
- ' [ s|S ] o|O [ 0-7 ] { [ 0-7 ] | _ }
- dec_number
- DEC_LITERAL
- oct_number
- OCT_LITERAL
- OCT_LITERAL
- 0 [ 0-7 ]
- hex_number
- HEX_LITERAL
- HEX_LITERAL
- 0x [ 0-9 ]
| [ a-f ]
| [ A-F ] { [ 0-9 ] | [ a-f ] | [ A-F ] | _ }
B.16 Comments
- SL_COMMENT
- // {any_ASCII_character_except_newline}\n
- ML_COMMENT
- /* { any_ASCII_character } */
- string
- DOUBLE_QUOTED_STRING
| TRIPLE_DOUBLE_QUOTED_STRING - unescaped_character
- Any_Printable_ASCII_Character
- escaped_character
- \ ( ' | " | ? | ' | a | b | f | n | r | t | v | [ 0-7 ] [ 0-7 ] [ 0-7 ] )
- DOUBLE_QUOTED_STRING
- " { unescaped_character | escaped_character } "
- TRIPLE_DOUBLE_QUOTED_STRING
- """ { any_ASCII_character } """
- ID
- [ a-z ]
| [ A-Z ]
| _ { [ a-z ] | [ A-Z ] | _ | [ 0-9 ] } - ESCAPED_ID
- \ { any_ASCII_character_except_whitespace } whitespace
See also
- Sigasi Studio Graphics Configuration Grammar (blog post)
- Register Description Language SystemRDL 2.0 (blog post)
- VHDL IEEE 1076-2017 Grammar (blog post)
- Property Specification Language (PSL) Grammar (blog post)
- SystemVerilog IEEE 1800-2012 Grammar (blog post)